Paper II · Part B — History

The Russian Revolution

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Concept

The Russian Revolution of 1917 overthrew the Tsarist monarchy and led to the world's first communist state under the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin. It inspired socialist movements worldwide.

It was based on the ideas of Karl Marx.

Key Points & Formulas

October Revolution (1917) led by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
Ended Tsarist (Romanov) rule; established the USSR.
Based on Marxist ideas: abolition of private property, rule by the proletariat.
Slogan: 'Peace, Land and Bread'.

Worked Example

Q. Whose ideas formed the basis of the Russian Revolution?

The revolution aimed to abolish class exploitation and private ownership.

These ideas come from Karl Marx (Marxism).

Lenin applied them to lead the Bolshevik Revolution.

Common traps

Reading the prompt too quickly and missing a qualifier.
Memorising the result without checking when it applies.
Skipping units, signs, chronology or the final reasonableness check.

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State the governing rule before substituting values.
Eliminate impossible options before doing full calculation.

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Past-paper bank

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5 NDA questions

Choose an answer before the solution appears. Option order is mixed automatically.

Question 1

NDA I 2026

Consider the following statements regarding the Russian Revolution:

I. The incident known as 'Bloody Sunday' started a series of events known as the 1905 Revolution.

II. Lawyers, doctors, engineers and other middle-class workers established the Union of Unions and demanded a Constituent Assembly.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Question 2

NDA I 2021

Who among the following was the head of the Government that was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in the 1917 Revolution?

Question 3

NDA I 2019

Who among the following presented ‘The April Theses’ to the Russian people in 1917?

Question 4

NDA II 2019

Consider the following statements concerning the Russian Revolution:
1. The Bolsheviks believed that in a repressive society like Tsarist Russia, the party should be disciplined and should control the number of its members.
2. The Mensheviks believed that the party should be opened to all (as in Germany).
Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?

Question 5

NDA II 2016

Which of the following was/were the feature(s) of Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) for the Soviet Union? 1. Private retail trading was strictly forbidden. 2. Private enterprise was strictly forbidden. 3. Peasants were not allowed to sell their surplus. 4. To secure liquid capital, concessions were allowed to foreign capitalists, but the State retained the option of purchasing the products of such concerns. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

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