Paper II · Part B — Physics

Heat and Temperature

Exam-focused notes, visual explanation, traps, revision sheet and every mapped past NDA question.

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Core5 mapped NDA questions

Build the idea

Build exam-ready understanding by connecting the core idea, formulas or facts, worked example and previous NDA questions. Focus on why each rule works, then test it under timed conditions.

Concept

Heat is energy in transit due to a temperature difference; temperature measures the degree of hotness. Heat changes the state of matter and is transferred by conduction, convection and radiation.

Latent heat is the heat absorbed/released during a change of state at constant temperature.

Key Points & Formulas

Modes of heat transfer: conduction (solids), convection (fluids), radiation (no medium).
Temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin (K = °C + 273).
Latent heat: state change occurs at constant temperature.
Water has an unusually high specific heat.

Worked Example

Q. Convert 27 °C to the Kelvin scale.

K = °C + 273.

= 27 + 273 = 300 K.

Common traps

Reading the prompt too quickly and missing a qualifier.
Memorising the result without checking when it applies.
Skipping units, signs, chronology or the final reasonableness check.

NDA shortcuts

State the governing rule before substituting values.
Eliminate impossible options before doing full calculation.

One-screen revision sheet

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Core definition
Most-used rule
One representative example

Past-paper bank

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5 NDA questions

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Question 1

NDA I 2026

A solid of mass $m$ has temperature-dependent specific heat as $C(T) = C_0 + \alpha T$ , where $C_0$ and $\alpha$ are constants. The solid is heated from $T_1$ to $T_2$ . Which one of the following is the correct expression for quantity of heat ( $Q$ ) of the solid mass?

Question 2

NDA I 2025

Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal lengths and equal diameters are first connected in parallel and then in series in a circuit across the same potential difference. The ratio of heat produced in parallel and series combinations is

Question 3

NDA I 2024

Which one among the following statements with reference to the properties of water is not correct?

Question 4

NDA II 2024

Given below are the four cases in which certain heat transfer is taking place:
1. Ice is melting in a glass full of water
2. Water is boiling in an open container
3. A metal rod is heated in a furnace
4. A cup of coffee is allowed to cool on a table

In which of the above cases, the Newton’s Law of Cooling is applicable ?

Question 5

NDA II 2024

Which one of the following statements best defines the concept of heat ?

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