Paper II · Part B — Polity

The Judiciary

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Core4 mapped NDA questions

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Build exam-ready understanding by connecting the core idea, formulas or facts, worked example and previous NDA questions. Focus on why each rule works, then test it under timed conditions.

Concept

India has an independent, integrated judiciary headed by the Supreme Court, followed by High Courts and subordinate courts. The judiciary interprets the Constitution and protects Fundamental Rights.

Judicial review allows courts to strike down unconstitutional laws.

Key Points & Formulas

Supreme Court is the apex court; its decisions bind all other courts.
Judicial review: courts can declare laws unconstitutional.
High Courts head the judiciary in states.
Judges of the Supreme Court retire at 65; High Court judges at 62.

Worked Example

Q. What is judicial review?

Judicial review is the power of the courts to examine laws and executive actions.

If a law violates the Constitution, the court can declare it void.

This protects the supremacy of the Constitution and citizens' rights.

Common traps

Reading the prompt too quickly and missing a qualifier.
Memorising the result without checking when it applies.
Skipping units, signs, chronology or the final reasonableness check.

NDA shortcuts

State the governing rule before substituting values.
Eliminate impossible options before doing full calculation.

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Past-paper bank

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4 NDA questions

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Question 1

NDA I 2026

With reference to the territorial jurisdictions of High Courts in India, consider the following pairs:

I. Calcutta High Court — Lakshadweep

II. Madras High Court — Puducherry

III. Gauhati High Court — Manipur

IV. Kerala High Court — Andaman and Nicobar Islands

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Question 2

NDA I 2022

Which one of the following does not fall under the jurisdiction of the apex court of India?

Question 3

NDA II 2018

Every Judge of the Supreme Court of India is appointed by

Question 4

NDA II 2024

Which of the following statements with regard to Article 19(1) of the Constitution of India is/are correct?
1. Freedoms under this Article are not absolute
2. Reasonable restrictions can be imposed on the exercise of freedoms under this Article
Select the answer using the code given below:

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